The following contains some information about energy production, the transportation network, and communications and media in Ukraine. It draws extensively on material from publications published by the United Nations and the International Monetary Fund and from the Handbook of International Economic Statistics, 1993 published by the Central Intelligence Agency.
Efforts have been made to ensure accuracy; updates will be made
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EDUCATION | |||
---|---|---|---|
(1990) | Institutions | Teachers | Students |
Pre-primary | 23,600 | 212,600 | 1,939,600 |
Primary | 3,990,500 | ||
General secondary | 20,900 | 473,100 | 2,863,900 |
Specialized Secondary | |||
Teacher training | 742 | na | 20,700 |
Vocational | 522,900 | ||
Higher | 149 | 72,300 | 889,574 |
Illiteracy: 1% | |||
(1991) | |||
Pre-primary | 23,500 | 212,200 | 1,875,000 |
Primary | 4,033,000 | ||
General secondary | 21,000 | 485,100 | 2,803,600 |
Specialized Secondary | |||
Teacher training | na | na | 22,100 |
Vocational | na | na | 528,700 |
Higher | na | 72,300 | 889,574 |
Illiteracy: 1% | |||
EDUCATION POLICY | |||
The reversal of perceived 'Russification' of the education system was one of the principal demands of the opposition movements which emerged in the late 1980s. In the period 1980-88 the proportion of pupils who were taught in Russian increased from 44.5% to 51.8%, while the proportion taught in Ukrainian decreased from 54.6% to 47.5%. After Ukrainian was adopted as the state language, in 1990, policies were adopted to ensure that all pupils were granted the opportunity of tuition in Ukrainian. |
SOCIAL WELFARE | |||
---|---|---|---|
Hospital Beds (per 10,000 pop.) (1990) | 135 | ||
Doctors (per10,000 pop.) (1990) | 44 | ||
Average Life Expectancy (years) (1992) | 70 | ||
Male | 65 | ||
Female | 75 | ||
Age Distribution: (1991) | |||
0-19: | 24.8% | ||
20-59: | 62.1% | ||
60+: | 13.1% | ||
Maternal Mortality (per 100,000 live births) (1992) | 32 | ||
Infant Mortality (per 1,000 live births) (1992) | 15 | ||
SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY | |||
During the Soviet period a comprehensive state-funded social welfare system was introuced. In 1991, with the progressive devolution of centralized Soviet ower, followed by Ukraine's declaration of independence (in August), certain changes were made in the system. These included the creation of three extrabudgetary funds -- the Pension Fund, the Social Insurance Fund and the Employment Fund -- which were to administer most of Ukraine's social security activities, while an extensive program of family allowances and compensation for price increases was to be directly financed by the state budget. |
Last update December 9, 1996
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